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1209036790 | What was Doña Marina's role in the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs?A) She unwittingly infected many of her people with smallpox.B) She betrayed the secret entrance to Tenochtitlan.C) She bore Cortés a child, who would bring unity among both peoples.D) She could speak several native languages and served as an interpreter.E) She was the first Catholic convert. | D) She could speak several native languages and served as an interpreter. | 0 |
1209036791 | The first indigenous people that the Spanish empire dispossessed of their lands and forced into labor were theA) Aztecs.B) Incas.C) Iroquois.D) Maya.E) Taíno. | E) Taíno. | 1 |
1209036792 | The labor system that compelled native workers to labor in Spanish mines and fields in exchange for protection and Christian conversion was known asA) the encomienda system.B) the hacienda.C) slavery.D) indentured servitude.E) the repartimiento system. | A) the encomienda system. | 2 |
1209036793 | Which of the following was NOT a significant factor in Cortés's defeat of the Aztec empire?A) superior Spanish technology, especially swords, muskets, cannons, and horsesB) a devastating smallpox epidemicC) the inadequate defenses of TenochtitlanD) the resentment of many indigenous peoples to Aztec ruleE) All these answers are correct, as none were factors in the defeat of the Aztecs. | C) the inadequate defenses of Tenochtitlan | 3 |
1209036794 | In colonial governments, the power of the Spanish viceroy was kept in check by the authority ofA) the Catholic church.B) the audiencias.C) the colonial legislature.D) the Spanish crown.E) the colonial militias. | D) the Spanish crown. | 4 |
1209036795 | How did Portugal gain an empire in Brazil?A) Portuguese mariners were first to explore the Amazon basin.B) The Treaty of Tordesillas, designed to divide the Atlantic between Spain and Portugal, unintentionally granted Brazil to Portugal.C) Initially, the Spanish had no interest in South America.D) Brazilian natives successfully resisted Spanish invaders.E) None of these answers is correct. | B) The Treaty of Tordesillas, designed to divide the Atlantic between Spain and Portugal, unintentionally granted Brazil to Portugal. | 5 |
1209036796 | The English settlements in North America grew slowly at first becauseA) of the large, densely-populated Indian communities that dominated the coast.B) the first English settlements did not prepare sufficient food crops.C) the colonies did not produce commodities that Europeans were eager to buy.D) the English government did not support or protect the colonies.E) All these answers are correct. | B) the first English settlements did not prepare sufficient food crops. | 6 |
1209036797 | One significant difference in the administration of English colonies compared to their Spanish counterparts wasA) the Spanish crown was less actively involved in the government of their colonies.B) English governors were elected directly by the colonists, while Spanish viceroys were appointed by the crown.C) Spanish colonies had powerful local assemblies, while the English did not.D) English colonies were often financed by private investors, who retained control over colonial affairs.E) the church played a greater role in the administration of Spanish colonies. | D) English colonies were often financed by private investors, who retained control over colonial affairs. | 7 |
1209036798 | How did European settlers in North America legally justify seizing lands from native North American peoples?A) The settlers negotiated treaties.B) Because the native Americans were not Christian, they had no right to the land.C) Because the native Americans were hunters and gatherers rather than farmers, their claims to the land were not considered valid.D) The settlers established squatters' rights on unoccupied lands.E) By defeating the native Americans in battle, the English and French claimed the land as a spoil of war. | A) The settlers negotiated treaties. | 8 |
1209036799 | A mestizo is aA) person born in Spain who immigrated to the New World.B) person of Spanish descent born in the New World.C) person of mixed Spanish and indigenous descent.D) person of mixed African and indigenous descent.E) person of mixed Spanish and African descent. | C) person of mixed Spanish and indigenous descent. | 9 |
1209036800 | Criollos differed from peninsulares only in thatA) they were born in the western hemisphere and not the eastern hemisphere.B) their mothers were part native.C) they had no land and were economically dependent.D) they had not yet been baptized in the Catholic church.E) they were indentured servants, while peninsulares were free. | A) they were born in the western hemisphere and not the eastern hemisphere. | 10 |
1209036801 | The most valuable commodity for the Spanish in the Americas wasA) minerals like silver and gold.B) sugar and rum.C) tobacco.D) furs.E) timber. | A) minerals like silver and gold. | 11 |
1209036802 | How did the mining industries of the Americas stimulate global economic growth?A) Mining increased the demand for labor, sparking the growth of an indigenous middle class.B) Mineral ores from Mexico provided the raw materials for European manufacturing.C) The sale of slaves to the mines by the Portuguese resulted in the Portuguese spending their wealth throughout Europe and Africa.D) The Spanish quinto circulated throughout European and Asian markets.E) All these answers are correct. | D) The Spanish quinto circulated throughout European and Asian markets. | 12 |
1209036803 | Which of the following is NOT true of the mita system?A) It was used by the Spanish at Potosí.B) It had been used by the Incas.C) It was a form of slavery, in that workers were not paid.D) It led to high rates of death among workers.E) It affected a large portion of the indigenous population. | C) It was a form of slavery, in that workers were not paid. | 13 |
1209036804 | The labor system that dominated on haciendas of Spanish America wasA) indentured servitude.B) slavery.C) the mita system.D) the encomienda system.E) wage labor. | D) the encomienda system. | 14 |
1209036805 | Why did the production of sugar differ from that of other agricultural commodities of the western hemisphere?A) Sugar production was particularly hard on the environment.B) Sugarcane required extensive processing to turn it into a profitable export.C) African slaves were the only people who knew how to grow sugarcane.D) Sugar was extremely profitable with very little investment.E) It was only possible to grow in Brazil, and it had an extremely short growing season. | B) Sugarcane required extensive processing to turn it into a profitable export. | 15 |
1209036806 | Which of the following was NOT a typical result of the North American fur trade?A) intense competition and even warfare among indigenous peoples for European tradeB) intense competition among French, Dutch, and English fur tradersC) the decimation of the beaver population in North AmericaD) hostile relations between European traders and Native American trappersE) the introduction of European manufactured goods to indigenous peoples | D) hostile relations between European traders and Native American trappers | 16 |
1209036808 | Indentured servants who worked off their contracts in the colonies oftenA) returned disappointed to Europe.B) hoped to become wealthy plantation-owners.C) hoped to become active in the politics of the colonies.D) hoped to become independent artisans or planters.E) remained in debt for many years. | D) hoped to become independent artisans or planters. | 17 |
1209036811 | Why were the indigenous peoples of Mesoamerica and South America more likely to accept Christianity than were the peoples of North America?A) Mesoamerican and South American peoples found many similarities between their religions and Catholicism.B) North American peoples were more geographically scattered, and thus more difficult for missionaries to reach.C) Catholic missionaries in Spanish America were more tolerant of native cultures than were the Protestant missionaries in North America.D) Catholic rule in the New World was more generous and enlightened than the English or the French rule.E) None of these answers is correct. | B) North American peoples were more geographically scattered, and thus more difficult for missionaries to reach. | 18 |
1209036813 | The first explorers to Australia were not interested in settlement becauseA) the first explorers were driven away by hostile aborigines.B) the first explorers could not sail across the Great Barrier Reef.C) the land appeared too densely forested to settle easily.D) Australia was too far from European markets.E) All these answers are correct. | C) the land appeared too densely forested to settle easily. | 19 |
Ch. 24 New Worlds Biggest
The New World Chapter 24. Go To Chapter Go. Day Sepia Night. Since meeting Torix, this was the most nervous I'd seen him. I said, 'Eh, I'll be. Start studying Chapter 24: New Worlds: the Americas and Oceania. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. 24 New Worlds: The Americas and Oceania DRAFT. 9th - University. 67% average accuracy. Catholic rule in the New World was more generous and enlightened than the English or the French rule. None of these answers is correct. Tags: Question 20.
Ch. 24 New Worlds Cup
4008640872 | The Spanish Caribbean | European and Americans first meet in Caribbean, indigenous Tiano, originally from Orinoco River valley in South America and settled in Caribbean in late centuries BCE; Columbus uses Hispaniola (Haiti and Dominical Republic) as base for trading with Taino: establishes center of Spanish operations at Santo Domingo, further planned to establish forts for trade, had to find alternate income source because no spices or silks; recruit locals to mine gold instead; encomienda: forced labor, laborers taken care of by Spanish, worked to convert population to Christianity, punished if they did not mine expected quantities of gold | 0 |
4008659109 | From Mining to Plantation Agriculture | Taino occasionally rebel but outgunned by Spanish military technology, smallpox epidemics being 1518, Spaniards launch raids to kidnap and replace workers, spread disease further, Taino society disappears by middle of sixteenth century; limited gold production causes Spanish to focus more on silver deposits in Mexico and Peru; while Spanish interest in Caribbean wanes, English, Dutch, and French recognize agricultural promise in sugar harvesting | 1 |
4008670652 | Conquest of Mexico and Peru | Spanish conquerors explore other territories on American mainland after disenchantment in Caribbean, Hernan Cortes brings down Aztec empire in Mexico: people ally with Spanish because of resentment held towards the Mexica, kill the last leaders of the Aztec empire in battle and through torture; Pizarro brings down Inca empire in Peru, subjected population resented Inca rulers and tax collectors, smallpox killed much of the population before conquest occurred; European imperialism succeeds in overtaking established agricultural societies capable of mobilizing large parts of population and collecting taxes/tribute | 2 |
4008683391 | Spanish Colonial Administration | conquests first administered by conquistadors through ad hoc arrangements, Spanish monarchy wanted formal and direct control over new lands so replace conquistadors with government bureaucrats, lawyers, and regular military forces; Spanish administration based in Mexico and Peru, extended to Florida and Buenos Aires: Mexico city built atop Tenochtitlan, founded Lima in Peru for access to coast, viceroys rules but supervised by audiencias, communication problems reduce the efficienty through which the monarchy directed the viceroys | 3 |
4008710355 | Portuguese Brazil | Treaty of Tordesillas divides Americas between Spain and Portugal, Portugal claims Brazil, little interest at first, but increases as other imperial powers take notice, exploited for sugarcane | 4 |
4008716605 | Spain and Portugal in the Americas | viewed Americas as a place to exploit, not settle and colonize, settler colonies in NA: Spanish towns, forts, missions or east coast of North America, some on west coast, dislodged in seventeenth century by English, French, Dutch mariners, permanent colonies in NA | 5 |
4008724471 | Colonial Government | exceptionally difficult conditions: starvation rampant, cannibalism occasionally practices, French and English private merchants invest heavily in expansion of colonies, greater levels of self-government than Spanish and Portuguese colonies: could choose their own royal governors and election own legislative, no viceroys or audiencias, after seven years war French domination of Canada falls to English | 6 |
4008736352 | Relations with Indigenous Peoples | North American peoples loosely organized and migratory, mix of hunter/gatherer and limited agricultural activity, European colonists stake out forested land and clear for agriculture, increasing number of Europeans arrive seeking ample land, try to legitimize land taking through negotiated treaties, also explain that their making better use of the land than Native Americans | 7 |
4008758116 | Conflict with Indigenous Peoples | colonists displace indigenous peoples, trespass on hunting grounds, english settlers negotiate treaties, poorly understood by natives, military conflict frequent but not on par with southern Spanish conquests, Native American population steadily displaced by immigration of English, French, Dutch, etc. | 8 |
4008772737 | The Formation of Multicultural Societies | European and African migrants move to Americas, European land holdings quickly become multicultural societies, mestizo societies formed | 9 |
4008778843 | North American Societies | higher ration of French, English female migrants to men in North and in South America, higher social stigma attached to relationships with Africans and Natives, fur traders have relationships with NA native women, europeans recognize the usefulness of Americans and Africans cultural knowledge | 10 |
4008788219 | Mining in the Spanish Empire | hunt for gold and silver, gold not extensive in Spanish holding but silver plentiful, adopt Inca mita system of conscripted labor, eventually assimilate into Spanish culture, quinto system for silver | 11 |
4008798678 | Global Significance of Silver | major resource of income for Spanish crown, Manila galleons take it to the Pacific rim for trading, very popular with Chinese | 12 |
4008801284 | The Hacienda | large estates product products of European origin to support large mining towns, encomienda system of utilizing native labor force, rampant abuses, gradually replaced by debt peonage: landowner loan natives seeds, tools, etc, peasants repay loans with cheap labor, paid so little unable to pay loans | 13 |
4008808338 | Resistance to Spanish Rule | half-hearted work, retreat into mountains and forests, appeal to Spanish crown | 14 |
4008812433 | Sugar and Slavery in Portuguese Brazil | engenho refers to complex on land, labor, etc all related to production of silver, sugarcane processing labor intensive to make molasses or refined sugar for export; unlike Spanish system of forced native labor, Portuguese rely on imported slaves, large-scale importing of slaves begins 1580s | 15 |
4008821746 | Fur Trading in North America | indigenous peoples trade pelts for wool blankets, iron pots, firearms, alcohol, beaver hunts cause frequent incursions into neighboring territories, European settler cultivators also displacing natives from traditional lands | 16 |
4008829186 | Slavery in North America | increasingly replace European indentured laborers, less prominent in north due to weak nature of cash-crop industry, slave trading still important part of economy | 17 |
4008833477 | Missionary Activity in the Americas | taught Christian doctrine, literacy, often accumulated cultural knowledge to better communicate their message, due to conquest and plague, many natives in Spanish America concluded gods had abandoned them and converted, often retain elements of pagan religion in Christian worship | 18 |
4008840738 | French and English Missions | less effective than Spanish missions, spaniards rules native populations more directly, migration patterns of NA natives made it more difficult to conduct missions, english colonists had little interest in converting natives | 19 |
4008845197 | Australia and the Larger World | broadly similar experiences to American natives, Portuguese mariners long in the region but Dutch sailors make first recorded sighting of Australia, VOC surveys territory and concludes on little value, James Cook lands and Botany Bay | 20 |
4008853859 | Pacific Islands and the Larger World | Manila galleons interested in quick trade routes, little exploration of Pacific: Guam significant because of trade routes; James Cook visits Hawaii in 1778: good relationship, sailors spread disease, Cook not welcomes and killed over disputer | 21 |